Antifouling raw materials can be categorized based on dimensions such as application areas, material properties, and functional mechanisms. Classification approaches vary depending on the specific context; the following are the mainstream classification methods:
Classification by Material Properties
This is the most fundamental classification method, covering the broad categories of raw materials used across all antifouling applications:
Organic Materials
These include chlorinated rubber, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, silicones, fluoropolymers, rosin, and paraffin wax. They serve as the core film-forming binders for antifouling coatings; notably, certain organic materials with low surface energy can achieve antifouling effects directly through their inherent properties.
Inorganic Materials
Represented by copper- and zinc-based metal compounds-such as cuprous oxide, cuprous thiocyanate, zinc oxide, and copper sulfate-these are the most widely used biocides in traditional antifouling systems. This category also includes auxiliary fillers such as talc and titanium dioxide.
Composite Materials
Characterized by nanomaterial-modified substances, fluoro-silicone composite resins, and biomimetic micro-nano composite systems, these materials enhance antifouling performance through multi-component synergy and represent the mainstream direction of eco-friendly antifouling technology.
